In 2024, the ozone hole was smaller than in previous years, according to a new report from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
The WMO’s recently published Ozone Bulletin highlights that the lower levels of ozone depletion observed in 2024 were partly due to natural factors. However, the organization emphasized that the long-term positive trend points to a sustained improvement in the state of the ozone layer.
The Vienna Convention recognized ozone depletion as a global issue, laying the groundwork for international cooperation in scientific research and systematic observation of the ozone layer.
The Montreal Protocol has been a key driver in this recovery: it led to the phase-out of over 99% of ozone-depleting substances (ODS), which were once widely used in refrigeration systems, air conditioners, fire suppression foams, and even hairsprays.
As a result, the ozone layer is projected to recover to 1980s levels by the middle of this century, significantly reducing the risks of skin cancer and protecting ecosystems from further degradation.
The depth of the Antarctic ozone hole in 2024 — which forms annually during the Southern Hemisphere’s spring — was lower than the average for 1990–2020. The hole formed more gradually this year, and data from September showed a slower rate of ozone depletion, followed by a relatively rapid recovery.
According to the WMO, the sustained and stable recovery process is a reliable indicator of the healing of the Antarctic ozone hole.
